Muchigadzirwa che photovoltaic, perovskite yave ichinyanya kudiwa mumakore achangopfuura.Chikonzero nei yakabuda se "inoda" mumunda wemasero ezuva inokonzerwa nemamiriro ayo akasiyana.Calcium titanium ore ine akawanda akanakisa photovoltaic zvivakwa, nyore kugadzirira maitiro, uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvigadzirwa uye zvakawanda zvemukati.Uye zvakare, perovskite inogona zvakare kushandiswa muvhu remagetsi zvidyarwa, kubhururuka nendege, kuvaka, kupfeka magetsi ekugadzira michina uye mamwe akawanda minda.
Musi waKurume 21, Ningde Times yakanyorera patent ye "calcium titanite solar cell uye nzira yekugadzirira uye mudziyo wemagetsi".Mumakore achangopfuura, nerutsigiro rwemitemo yepamba uye zviyero, iyo calcium-titanium ore indasitiri, inomiririrwa necalcium-titanium ore solar masero, yakaita nhanho huru.Saka chii perovskite?Ndeipi iyo indasitiri ye perovskite?Zvinetso zvipi zvichiri kutarisana nazvo?Mutori wenhau weScience and Technology Daily akabvunzurudza nyanzvi dzakakodzera.
Perovskite haisi calcium kana titanium.
Iyo inonzi perovskites haisi calcium kana titanium, asi izwi rinowanzoreva kirasi ye "ceramic oxides" ine yakafanana crystal structure, ine molecular formula ABX3.A inomirira "rarge radius cation", B inoreva "metal cation" uye X inoreva "halogen anion".A inomirira kuti “rarge radius cation”, B inomirira “metal cation” uye X inomirira “halogen anion”.Aya maion matatu anogona kuratidza akawanda anoshamisa zvimiro zvemuviri kuburikidza nekurongeka kwezvinhu zvakasiyana kana nekugadzirisa chinhambwe chiri pakati pazvo, kusanganisira asi kwete kuganhurirwa kune insulation, ferroelectricity, antiferromagnetism, hofori yemagineti, nezvimwe.
"Maererano nekutanga kuumbwa kwezvinhu, perovskites inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: yakaoma metal oxide perovskites, organic hybrid perovskites, uye inorganic halogenated perovskites."Luo Jingshan, purofesa paNankai University's School of Electronic Information uye Optical Engineering, akazivisa kuti calcium titanites ikozvino inoshandiswa mu photovoltaics inowanzova maviri ekupedzisira.
perovskite inogona kushandiswa muminda yakawanda senge terrestrial magetsi zvidyarwa, aerospace, kuvaka, uye zvinopfekwa zvekugadzira magetsi zvishandiso.Pakati pavo, photovoltaic munda ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nzvimbo ye perovskite.Calcium titanite zvimiro zvinogoneka zvakanyanya uye zvine yakanaka kwazvo photovoltaic performance, inova yakakurumbira tsvakiridzo kutungamira mune photovoltaic ndima mumakore achangopfuura.
Indasitiri ye perovskite iri kukurumidza, uye mabhizinesi epamba ari kukwikwidza marongero.Zvinonzi zvidimbu zvekutanga zve5,000 zve calcium titanium ore modules zvakatumirwa kubva kuHangzhou Fina Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd;Renshuo Photovoltaic (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. iri kukurumidza kuvakwa kwe150 MW yakakura pasi rose yakazara calcium titanium ore laminated pilot line;Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Materials Co. Ltd. 150 MW calcium-titanium ore photovoltaic module mutsara wekugadzira wapedzwa uye waiswa kushanda muna Zvita 2022, uye mutengo wepagore wekubuda unogona kusvika 300 miriyoni yuan mushure mekusvika mukugadzirwa.
Calcium titanium ore ine mabhenefiti ari pachena muindasitiri yephotovoltaic
Muchigadzirwa che photovoltaic, perovskite yave ichinyanya kudiwa mumakore achangopfuura.Chikonzero nei yakabuda se "inoda" mumunda wemasero ezuva inokonzerwa nemamiriro ayo akasiyana.
"Chekutanga, perovskite ine akawanda akanakisa optoelectronic zvivakwa, senge inogadziriswa bhendi gap, yakakwira absorption coefficient, yakaderera exciton inosunga simba, yakakwirira inotakura kufamba, kuremara kwakakura kushivirira, nezvimwewo;chechipiri, nzira yekugadzirira ye perovskite iri nyore uye inogona kuwana translucency, ultra-lightness, ultra-thinness, flexibility, etc. Pakupedzisira, perovskite raw materials inowanikwa uye yakawanda. "Luo Jingshan akaunzwa.Uye kugadzirira kwe perovskite kunodawo kuchena kwakaderera kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira.
Parizvino, munda wePV unoshandisa nhamba huru yesilicon-based solar cells, iyo inogona kugoverwa kuva monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, uye amorphous silicon solar cells.The theoretical photoelectric conversion pole yecrystalline silicon masero ndeye 29.4%, uye nzvimbo yemazuva ano laboratory inogona kusvika kusvika ku26.7%, iyo iri pedyo zvikuru nedenga rekutendeuka;zvinofanooneka kuti budiriro yepakati pekuvandudza tekinoroji ichavewo idiki uye idiki.Kusiyana neizvi, photovoltaic kutendeuka kwemaitiro emasero eperovskite ane yakakwirira theoretical pole kukosha kwe33%, uye kana masero maviri eperovskite akaiswa kumusoro uye pasi pamwe chete, theoretical conversion performance inogona kusvika 45%.
Mukuwedzera kune "kubudirira", chimwe chinhu chinokosha "mutengo".Semuenzaniso, chikonzero nei mutengo wechizvarwa chekutanga chemabhatiri emufirimu akatetepa haugone kudzika ndechekuti zvakachengetwa zvecadmium negallium, izvo zvisingawanzo zvinhu pasi pano, zvidiki zvakanyanya, uye nekudaro, iyo inovandudza indasitiri. ndiko, kudiwa kukuru, kukwirisa mutengo wekugadzira, uye haina kumbobvira yakwanisa kuve chigadzirwa chemazuva ese.Zvigadzirwa zveperovskite zvakagoverwa muhuwandu pasi pano, uye mutengo zvakare wakachipa zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pezvo, ukobvu hwecalcium-titanium ore coating yecalcium-titanium ore mabhatiri ingori mazana mashoma nanometers, inenge 1/500th yeiyo yesilicon wafers, zvinoreva kuti kudiwa kwezvinhu kudiki kwazvo.Semuenzaniso, ikozvino kudiwa kwepasi rose kwesilicon zvinhu zvecrystalline silicon masero anenge 500,000 matani pagore, uye kana ose akatsiviwa nemasero eperovskite, anenge 1,000 chete matani e perovskite achadiwa.
Panyaya yemitengo yekugadzira, maseru ecrystalline silicon anoda kucheneswa kwesilicon kusvika 99.9999%, saka silicon inofanirwa kudziyisa kusvika 1400 madhigirii Celsius, yakanyungudutswa kuita mvura, inodhonzwa mumatanda edenderedzwa uye zvimedu, yozounganidzwa mumasero, aine mafekitori mana nemaviri. kusvika pamazuva matatu pakati, uye simba guru rekushandisa.Kusiyana neizvi, pakugadzirwa kwemasero e perovskite, zvinongodiwa chete kushandisa perovskite base fluid kune substrate uye wozomirira crystallization.Iyo yose nzira inongosanganisira girazi, adhesive firimu, perovskite uye makemikari zvinhu, uye inogona kupedzwa mune imwe fekitori, uye iyo yose nzira inongotora anenge 45 maminitsi.
"Masero eSolar akagadzirwa kubva ku perovskite ane hunyanzvi hwekushandura mafotoelectric, ayo asvika 25.7% panguva ino, uye anogona kutsiva echinyakare silicon-based solar maseru mune ramangwana kuti ave mushambadzi mukuru."Luo Jingshan akadaro.
Pane matambudziko makuru matatu anoda kugadziriswa kuti kusimudzira maindasitiri
Mukufambisa kugadzirwa kwechalcocite, vanhu vachiri kuda kugadzirisa matambudziko matatu, kureva kugadzikana kwenguva refu kwechalcocite, kugadzirira kwenzvimbo huru uye huturu hwemutobvu.
Kutanga, perovskite inonyanya kunetseka kune zvakatipoteredza, uye zvinhu zvakadai sekushisa, humidity, chiedza, uye mutoro wedunhu zvinogona kutungamirira pakuparara kweperovskite uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesero.Parizvino akawanda marabhoritari perovskite modules haasangane neIEC 61215 yepasi rose yezvigadzirwa zvephotovoltaic, uye haasvike makore gumi-20 ehupenyu hwesilicon solar masero, saka mutengo weperovskite hausati unobatsira mune yechinyakare photovoltaic munda.Mukuwedzera, nzira yekuparara kweperovskite uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvakaoma zvikuru, uye hapana kunyatsonzwisiswa kwakajeka kwemaitiro ari mumunda, uye hapana chiyero chakabatana chehuwandu, izvo zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kwekutsvakurudza.
Imwe nyaya huru ndeye nzira yekudzigadzirira pamwero mukuru.Parizvino, kana zvidzidzo zvekugadzirisa mudziyo zvikaitwa murabhoritari, nzvimbo yemwenje inoshanda yemidziyo inoshandiswa kazhinji isingasviki 1 cm2, uye kana zvasvika kune chikamu chekutengesa chekushandisa chezvikamu zvakakura, nzira dzekugadzirira marabhoritari dzinoda kuvandudzwa. kana kutsiviwa.Nzira huru dzinoshanda pari zvino pakugadzirira kwemafirimu makuru-nzvimbo perovskite ndiyo nzira yekugadzirisa uye nzira yevacuum evaporation.Munzira yekugadzirisa, kusungirirwa uye chiyero chekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, rudzi rwekunyungudutsa, uye nguva yekuchengetedza zvine simba guru pahutano hwemafirimu eperovskite.Vacuum evaporation nzira inogadzirira yakanaka mhando uye inodzoreka dhizaini yemafirimu eperovskite, asi zvakare zvakaoma kuwana kubatana kwakanaka pakati pevanotangira uye substrates.Uye zvakare, nekuti iyo yekuchaja yekutakura layer ye perovskite mudziyo inodawo kugadzirirwa munzvimbo yakakura, mutsara wekugadzira unoenderera nekuisa kwega kwega dhizaini inoda kuisirwa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.Pakazere, maitiro ekugadzirira-nzvimbo huru yeperovskite matete mafirimu achiri kuda kuwedzera optimization.
Chekupedzisira, huturu hwemutobvu zvakare inyaya yekunetsa.Munguva yekuchembera kwezvino yakakwirira-inoshanda perovskite zvishandiso, perovskite ichaora kuti ibudise emahara lead ion uye lead monomers, izvo zvichave nengozi kune hutano kana vangopinda mumuviri wemunhu.
Luo Jingshan anotenda kuti matambudziko akadai sekugadzikana anogona kugadziriswa nekurongedza mudziyo."Kana mune ramangwana, matambudziko maviri aya akagadziriswa, kune zvakare gadziriro yekugadzirira, inogonawo kugadzira michina ye perovskite mugirazi inopenya kana kuita pamusoro pezvivakwa kuti iwane photovoltaic chivakwa chekubatanidza, kana kugadzirwa mumagadzirirwo anochinjika anopetwa emuchadenga uye. mimwe minda, kuitira kuti perovskite munzvimbo isina mvura uye oksijeni nharaunda iite basa rakakura. "Luo Jingshan ane chivimbo nezveramangwana re perovskite.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-15-2023